文件和目录访问¶
本章中描述的模块处理磁盘文件和目录。 例如,有一些模块用于读取文件的属性,以可移植的方式操作路径以及创建临时文件。 本章的完整模块列表如下:
pathlib
--- 面向对象的文件系统路径- 基础使用
- Exceptions
- 纯路径
PurePath
PurePosixPath
PureWindowsPath
- 通用性质
- 运算符
- 访问个别部分
- 方法和特征属性
PurePath.pathmod
PurePath.drive
PurePath.root
PurePath.anchor
PurePath.parents
PurePath.parent
PurePath.name
PurePath.suffix
PurePath.suffixes
PurePath.stem
PurePath.as_posix()
PurePath.as_uri()
PurePath.is_absolute()
PurePath.is_relative_to()
PurePath.is_reserved()
PurePath.joinpath()
PurePath.match()
PurePath.relative_to()
PurePath.with_name()
PurePath.with_stem()
PurePath.with_suffix()
PurePath.with_segments()
- 具体路径
Path
PosixPath
WindowsPath
- 方法
Path.cwd()
Path.home()
Path.from_uri()
Path.stat()
Path.chmod()
Path.exists()
Path.expanduser()
Path.glob()
Path.group()
Path.is_dir()
Path.is_file()
Path.is_junction()
Path.is_mount()
Path.is_symlink()
Path.is_socket()
Path.is_fifo()
Path.is_block_device()
Path.is_char_device()
Path.iterdir()
Path.walk()
Path.lchmod()
Path.lstat()
Path.mkdir()
Path.open()
Path.owner()
Path.read_bytes()
Path.read_text()
Path.readlink()
Path.rename()
Path.replace()
Path.absolute()
Path.resolve()
Path.rglob()
Path.rmdir()
Path.samefile()
Path.symlink_to()
Path.hardlink_to()
Path.touch()
Path.unlink()
Path.write_bytes()
Path.write_text()
- 对应的
os
模块的工具
os.path
--- 常用路径操作abspath()
basename()
commonpath()
commonprefix()
dirname()
exists()
lexists()
expanduser()
expandvars()
getatime()
getmtime()
getctime()
getsize()
isabs()
isfile()
isdir()
isjunction()
islink()
ismount()
isdevdrive()
join()
normcase()
normpath()
realpath()
relpath()
samefile()
sameopenfile()
samestat()
split()
splitdrive()
splitroot()
splitext()
supports_unicode_filenames
fileinput
--- 迭代来自多个输入流的行stat
--- 解析stat()
结果S_ISDIR()
S_ISCHR()
S_ISBLK()
S_ISREG()
S_ISFIFO()
S_ISLNK()
S_ISSOCK()
S_ISDOOR()
S_ISPORT()
S_ISWHT()
S_IMODE()
S_IFMT()
filemode()
ST_MODE
ST_INO
ST_DEV
ST_NLINK
ST_UID
ST_GID
ST_SIZE
ST_ATIME
ST_MTIME
ST_CTIME
S_IFSOCK
S_IFLNK
S_IFREG
S_IFBLK
S_IFDIR
S_IFCHR
S_IFIFO
S_IFDOOR
S_IFPORT
S_IFWHT
S_ISUID
S_ISGID
S_ISVTX
S_IRWXU
S_IRUSR
S_IWUSR
S_IXUSR
S_IRWXG
S_IRGRP
S_IWGRP
S_IXGRP
S_IRWXO
S_IROTH
S_IWOTH
S_IXOTH
S_ENFMT
S_IREAD
S_IWRITE
S_IEXEC
UF_NODUMP
UF_IMMUTABLE
UF_APPEND
UF_OPAQUE
UF_NOUNLINK
UF_COMPRESSED
UF_HIDDEN
SF_ARCHIVED
SF_IMMUTABLE
SF_APPEND
SF_NOUNLINK
SF_SNAPSHOT
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_INTEGRITY_STREAM
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SCRUB_DATA
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL
IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK
IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT
IO_REPARSE_TAG_APPEXECLINK
filecmp
--- 文件及目录的比较cmp()
cmpfiles()
clear_cache()
dircmp
类dircmp
dircmp.report()
dircmp.report_partial_closure()
dircmp.report_full_closure()
dircmp.left
dircmp.right
dircmp.left_list
dircmp.right_list
dircmp.common
dircmp.left_only
dircmp.right_only
dircmp.common_dirs
dircmp.common_files
dircmp.common_funny
dircmp.same_files
dircmp.diff_files
dircmp.funny_files
dircmp.subdirs
DEFAULT_IGNORES
tempfile
--- 生成临时文件和目录glob
--- Unix 风格路径名模式扩展fnmatch
--- Unix 文件名模式匹配linecache
--- 随机读写文本行shutil
--- 高阶文件操作